I usually review a question on my board review series regarding a patient with trauma and negative x-ray of hip, what is the next step? The answer is usually CT scan, and I have to admit that this is my routine practice that I do not rely on X-ray, if my patient still is symptomatic,
Continue ReadingRecent post in NY Times, Stroke of Fate , offended many ED physicians. I was not! It was very simple to me. A 78 years old neurologist said “I’m afraid to go to the emergency room,” he added. “I think it’s dangerous.” I agree that this is not a good comment for general population to […]
Continue ReadingJust published regarding high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, and I just published last Post. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen during endotracheal intubation in hypoxemic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial,
Continue ReadingI believe sometimes we are in rush for no reason. Patient with hypoxia and no reserve requires some oxygen to prevent hypoxia during intubation, DSI vs RSI. I am fan of DSI to buy some time to see how we could assist with oxygenation before definitive airway intervention.
Continue ReadingYou can find in this blog at least 6 references talking about Contrast vs Non contrast CT, but this new study in Annals of EM showed the same result that oral contrast in detecting intra-abdominal pathologies is useless. Wow, this is a big word. USELESS.
Continue ReadingThe BMJ study was a shocking news in 2011 regarding Sensitivity of Modern CT scan in diagnosis of SAH within 6 hours of presentation, Click here for more Then, Storke in 2012 reported another study that showed there is “no added value of CSF analysis to detect SAH within 6 hours of patient presentation with […]
Continue ReadingSIRS criteria an immune response to infection can be diagnosed by ( 96.8<Temp>100.4, HR>90, RR>20 and 4K<WBC>12k). A new study in 172 ICUs among 109,663 patients with infection and
Continue ReadingSurviving Sepsis Campaign updated its guideline regarding new evidence (ProCESS, ARISE, ProMIS). It is required to do a series of actions within first 3 hours and 6 hours of patient presentation(time of triage):
Continue ReadingWhen I saw this article in Annals , I was sure that I have seen it before, but could not believe that 2 studies with almost same methods, same number of patients, and same dose of medication.
Continue ReadingWell, I just sent an article that how important is the role of vital signs during pre-hospital or in ED assessment. Annals of EM published an article: Communication of Vital Signs at Emergency Department Handoff: Opportunities for Improvement. In a prospective observational study, authors observed 1,163
Continue ReadingWe were always told that Don’t underestimate triage or field vital signs! Now, we have a study that shows 25 % of patients presenting to ED with sepsis will progress to septic shock within 3 days.
Continue ReadingNEJM published this article for antibiotic choice in uncomplicated skin infection. Patients were categorized as having cellulitis, abscess or both (if lesions of both cellulitis and abscess were present).
Continue ReadingClearance of suspected c-spine injuries specifically in AMS is one of the challenging topics in trauma. How do you clear C-spine in obtunded patient? well, as you know there are 2 methods: MRI or/and Flex-ex xray.There is a new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine in March: Cervical Spine Clearance in Obtunded Patients After […]
Continue ReadingThis is my post in 2012, Annals of Emergency Medicine published a study this month regarding same topics.
Continue ReadingI highly recommend you to take a look at this article published in American Heart Journal last week(Feb, 2015). The authors identified 11 class 1A(means the best evidence) in STEMI or UA/NSTEMI and they followed them form clinical trial publication til meaningful application into clinical practice. It took 16 years for clinician to apply those evidence into practice.
Continue ReadingAnother great PECARN study: Headache in Traumatic Brain Injuries From Blunt Head Trauma published in Pediatrics, Feb 2015.
Continue ReadingPediatrics published an article regarding Migraine treatment in children. This is a retrospective study that has shown us non opioid medication has pretty significant effects in the treatment of Migraine.
Continue ReadingNEJM published new treatment for ACEI-induced Angioedema. This study funded by Shire (a Biopharmaceuticals Company) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany.
Continue ReadingAnother study from AJR in Jan 2015 focused on dizziness/syncope. Due to difficulty to define definition of dizziness among patients, they used 3 terms of Dizziness, Syncope, and
Continue ReadingI used Low Dose Ketamine for Pain relief in ED, and I had a very good experience with it, but new study in AJEM Feb, 6, showed that compare with morphine ,LD Ketmaine
Continue ReadingCleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine has a nice review on Rib Fracture and an algorithm to approach rib fracture.
Continue ReadingAre Prophylactic Antibiotics Necessary for Anterior Nasal Packing in Epistaxis? There are some discussion regarding toxic shock syndrome and infections(otitis media, sinusitis)
Continue ReadingIn adult patients with suspected acute nontraumatic thoracic aortic dissection, is a negative serum D-dimer sufficient to identify a group of patients at very low risk for the diagnosis
Continue ReadingOXYGEN! Please put patient on NC 2 -4. This is one of our critical action in mock oral board questions, but is it really a critical action, how much oxygen do we need for a pt w/o hypoxemia?
Continue ReadingIt is interesting that you teach a concept and try to back it up with some literature, but sometimes you do not have a simple tools to show it. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia published an article Laryngoscope manipulation by experienced versus novice laryngoscopists in December 2014. This is exactly what I’m talking about! how to […]
Continue ReadingIt is good to tell residents something and back it up with some EVIDENCE!!! such as your Mentor is not someone to tell you something that You want to hear! but here some tips that can help you through your career: advice for physicians in training: 40 Tips From 40 Docs
Continue ReadingThis is a very routine practice in ED, “I’ll be more comfortable to give one dose of Abx and then send him/her home” I did not know where this quote came from. I searched Pubmed and found this article: Antibiotic use in the emergency department. IV: Single-dose therapy and parenteral-loading dose therapy. J Emerg Medicine […]
Continue ReadingWe discussed 2 studies in our class specific session on impact of EPi on out of hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol published another study this month and challenged again use of Epi in OHCA. 1,556 patients from 2000 to 2012, using EPi with different doses, and the conclusion is pre-hospital use of epinephrine […]
Continue ReadingIn my series of EBM, I was talking on our grand rounds regarding restrictive vs liberal strategies for blood transfusion! I have already posted the evidence for it. But NEJM published a study in septic shock patient that will really change practice:
Continue ReadingVery nice mnemonic for Cavity lesion DDx in cxray: Cavity, C: Cancer or Mets, A: autoimmune; granulomas from, V: vascular (both bland and septic pulmonary embolus), I: infection(TB, fungall), T: trama (pneumatocoeles), Y: youth (congenital pulmonary airways malformation) Reference
Continue ReadingWe are very familiar with the term of Angioedema. Mostly comes from ACE-In but has a large ddx from NSAIDS to hereditary to idiopathic. There is an article in Academic EM that is discussing the treatment options for Angioedema.
Continue ReadingI was giving lecture regarding this topic and some challenging concepts in SCC including IV therapy, oxygen therapy, blood transfusion, and always could not give a comprehensive reference to back myself up.
Continue ReadingMorphine can affect functionality of Clopidogrel. There is an article in JACC, March 2014, that showed “Morphine delays clopidogrel absorption, decreases plasma levels of clopidogrel active metabolite, and retards and diminishes its effects,
Continue ReadingAlpha blocker (Tamsulosin , Flomax) originally is used for medical treatment of BPH. There are growing concerns that alpha blocker can be used in treatment of ureteral stone due to same affect on bladder and prostate, relaxation of muscle fiber. The recent Cochrane
Continue ReadingMedical Principles and Practice published an article that uses a structured teaching tools to summarized 5 Hs and 5 Ts in PEA cardiac arrest, Lets start with 5 Hs(Hyper and Hypo K, Hypoxia, Hydrogen, Hypovolemia and Hypothermia) and 5 Ts( Tension PTX, Tamponade, Trauma, Toxins, Thrombosis), a very routine practice in ACLS guideline,
Continue ReadingI had several discussions in ED regarding blood transfusion in anemic patients. My argument is that if patient does not have any acute symptoms (SOB, feeling faint, tachycardia, Cardiac ischemia, …), there is no need to emergently
Continue ReadingWe are usually observing patients in emergency department in length due to biphasic reaction. There are 2 articles published during last 6 months and they emphasized regarding of how common is biphasic reaction and mortality of this reaction!
Continue ReadingThis is an old study by Annals of EM, The Role of Cardiac Risk Factor Burden in Diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndromes in the Emergency Department Setting, Feb 2007. Of 10,806 eligible patients, 871 (8.1%) had acute
Continue ReadingNEJM published a study regarding appropriate MAP among patients with septic shock. Originally MAP of 65 was a target but the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline was recommending patients with HTN, may have benefit for higher
Continue ReadingNEJM published The ProCESS study. Basically, this study aimed to challenge EGDT by Manny Rivers in 2001, a very prestigious and novel approach to septic patient in ED. The EGDT was ED based approach. although some of the components were very difficult to acheived in ED such as Scvo2. The EGDT study showed 16% reduction […]
Continue ReadingACEP published Clinical Policy on Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department in Feb 2014. as usual critical questions and very useful answers. Let’s review them:
Continue ReadingThis is a challenging question that always comes up in patients with food bolus. What evidence do we have to recommend Glucagon in this situation? is this another version of Kayexalate in case of hyperkalemia? 😉
Continue ReadingFrom OHSU, Portland, Oregon study came out in Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery in Dec 2013. The main idea was that INR should not guide to transfuse FFP in stable trauma patient.
Continue ReadingAfter long wait! for JNC 8, it came online on Dec18, 2013. It was a long journey between JNC 7 and 8, it took 10 years! and now it is not endorsed by NHLBI(National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute).
Continue ReadingAs much as I read the literature, I really don’t know the BP is my friend or enemy. If you look at the Stroke guideline published in 2013, their recommendation for lowering BP is”not to lower the blood pressure during the initial 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke unless the blood pressure is >220/120 mm […]
Continue ReadingAmerican Headache Society (AHS) published in Headache Journal list of 5 things physicians and patients should question in Nov 2013. This is a quick review and you can find full text here.
Continue ReadingDischarge Against Medical Advice, Pitfalls and Troubleshooting. There is a very interesting article from JAMA in Nov. 2013, explaining of misconception and how misleading is information regarding discharge patient with AMA. I always discuss with residents that signing an AMA form does not mean anything unless you document the patient’s condition and mental status and […]
Continue ReadingDilemma: cough, smoker, discoloured sputum, diagnosis: Bronchitis, now: Abx or no Abx BMJ, Oct 2013: Efficacy of anti-inflammatory or antibiotic treatment in patients with non-complicated acute bronchitis and discoloured sputum: randomised placebo controlled trial
Continue ReadingWhat evidence does exist regarding dosage of Ketolorac? Our practice is usually 60 mg IM and 30 mg IV, but interesting review by Medscape showed may be this is not a right dose.
Continue ReadingJAMA published an article emphasizing our EM textbooks highlights regarding the simple treatment of MSK back pain are NSAIDS and Acetaminophen and then muscle relaxant.
Continue ReadingEpmonthly had a very nice review with a mini board review perspective, regarding common complications of shoulder dislocation and reduction.
Continue ReadingWe are practicing short term of Steroid in management of asthma and COPD in ED, But this is very nice to hear from our colleagues to prove our practice. JAMA, in June 2013 published an article with concept of short term prednisone for 5 days is not inferior to
Continue ReadingPain management in ED is a challenging topic. Teaching residents to start with NSAIDS vs Narcotics and Ibuprofen- Toradol vs Morphine- Dilaudid , always could be a place for discussion/argument.
Continue ReadingI was working on LP study that we did, and found this article from JAMA, very informative. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=203808
Continue ReadingThis is really disappointing to me when I see , in 55 % asymptomatic children, it took 15 min for pediatric sonographer to visualize entire appendix. They also could see some parts of appendix
Continue ReadingStill a dilemma, Patient with thunderclap headache, sudden Onset, “worse headache in Life” and Ct scan and then CTA, MRA, LP??? still the classic answer works: CT non contrast and then LP, there are articles to decrease threshold in time sensitive period up to six hours, but still needs to have classic approach, CT. LP. […]
Continue ReadingAcad Emerg Med, Feb 2013 published a Canadian retrospective cohort study reviewed patients with ECG, presented to ED with atrial fibrillation. The Outcome measure was mortality in short and long term (30 , 90 , 365 days) among patients with atrial fibrillation who had different primary ED diagnosis for their visits.
Continue ReadingMMWR in latest Grand round section discussed the options for gonorrhea treatment and their recommendation in case of cephalosporin allergy,
Continue Readingand the question is: Does limiting oral contrast decrease emergency department length of stay? we know the answer is YES, but this is something that we can share with our surgical consultants and as well Radiology colleagues
Continue ReadingThere is a new clinical Policy that Published in Feb, Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients in the Emergency Department With Asymptomatic Elevated Blood Pressure. There was always a big ? regarding triage and disposition of these patients. There is no great data even on this clinical policy but at least we have some references […]
Continue ReadingThere are different approaches to Migraine HA, Narcotics, Triptans, NSAIDS, Steroids, … but my approach is combination of Metoclopramide and Diphenhydramine. Headache “The Journal of Head and Face Pain” Published a Systematic Review regarding Toradol and Migraine headache in Jan, and the conclusion is:
Continue ReadingThis is the last update in 2012, but I am happy to end this year with one of the most challenging topics in medicine. The article is from J Am Coll Cardiol in Dec. You can find the Full text link here 1. Remeber: Troponin elevation imparts a worse prognosis, irrespective of the underlying etiology.
Continue ReadingAm J Respir Crit Care Med published a Practice Recommendations in the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Oct 2012. We are almost there to see CO poisoning again, Just some points for quick look:
Continue ReadingJACC in 2001 published an article that nicely explained the necessity of interpreting lead aVR in clinical setting. There are 3 categorizes that we should consider in this regard:1. acute coronary syndromes, 2. acute PE, 3. arrhythmia. I strongly recommend you to take a look to the following link JACC article
Continue ReadingWhat does typical chest pain mean? Traditionally, we thought that midsternal chest pain with radiation to left arm and increased with exertion, we just had another discussion on this topic on our grand round and all the studies and even
Continue ReadingThat is the question: contrast CT or non contrast CT? it is very difficult sometimes to answer, but for some facts such as r/o of appy, divericulitis and other pathologies, why do we need Contrast CT? as an emergency physician, it is a matter of 2-4 hours of delayed disposition and increased LOS, more cost, more […]
Continue ReadingTIA is a huge dilemma in ED. It could be challenging from definition to workup to disposition, but recent article in clinics of north America, reviewed the pitfalls in diagnosis and disposition of patients with TIA. TIA is important because there is a chance of Stroke within 48 hours (5%).
Continue ReadingWhat is your favorite hypertension numbers to treat in ED? there are a lots of controversies regarding the exact number to start treatment in ED but recent Cochrane review on mild HTN suggest that antihypertensive agents used in the treatment of adults with hypertension stage I (systolic BP 140-159 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 90-99 mmHg)
Continue ReadingWow. This is the third one, after 2 articles that showed Epi in prehospital really does not decrease mortality , now this retrospective study presenteddata that none of patients with asystole and no
Continue ReadingJuly 2012: Annals of Emergency Medicine: Early Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids Reduces
Continue ReadingWe usually believe that pt with sickle cell trait is not as important as SCD(HbSS). In sickle cell trait, RBC has normal life span (120 vs 20) and no vaso-oclusive crisis. But article in the American Journal of Medicine, discussed a series of serious complication that can affect this type of patient ranging from hematuria, […]
Continue ReadingAnnals of Emergency Medicine published an article which it provided a formula to determine if we can differentiate between STEMI vs Early Repolarization. I really do not know in an acute setting I am able to sit down and calculate this but sometimes in terms of training it could be fun to do this practice!!!
Continue ReadingI read this article long time ago but I had a discussion with one of my resident and to give her reference I would like to have it here. Basically this study showed that Syncope and Near syncope has same critical interventions or adverse outcomes. This term should be taking care as we care about […]
Continue ReadingVery detail and informative article regarding Low Back Pain. I believe this article should be read by patients and physicians, and physicians can summarize this for their patients. This is not new but still covers EBM by NEJM. Link to article
Continue ReadingThere is a State-of-the-Art Paper in the latest edition of Journal of the American College of Cardiology, May 2012.The title of article is New Concepts in the Assessment of Syncope. The authors perspective was based on the presence of a syncope specialist (“the right physician”), adequate equipment including online prompting tools and logistics (“the right […]
Continue ReadingWe always taught that Morphine can decrease preload and can help with anxiety and pain in acute flash pulmonary edema. But evidence does not support this Claim.
Continue ReadingThis is the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: 2012 by American Diabetes Association (ADA). There are a lots of useful information can help for new criteria for diabetes and so on. Link to PDF
Continue ReadingThis is another article regarding comparison of VBG vs ABG. “Comparison of arterial and venous pH, bicarbonate, PCO2 and PO2 in initial emergency department assessment”. The other one was in critically ill patient but this one is among patient with diverse medical conditions.
Continue ReadingIn October 2011, I reviewed an interesting article in Resuscitation, September 2011 regarding use of Epinephrine in per-hospital setting, ,now we have another study published in JAMA, March 2012.
Continue ReadingWe usually make fun of this topic such as how about have a ct scan in triage and etc.. This is a European study that shows the pan-scan algorithms reduce, but do not eliminate, the risk of missed injuries, and they should not replace close monitoring and clinical follow-up of patients with major trauma. Link […]
Continue ReadingThis is a retrospective cohort study between 2004-2007 among patients who received a treatment with clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or a β-lactam for their skin and soft-tissue infections.
Continue ReadingI am teaching this topic to medical students, interns, and residents every month and I found this valuable guideline by World Allergy Organization.
Continue ReadingThis study is interesting because Maryland EMS has a protocol to give Midazolam IM in prehospital setting. The New England journal published on Feb,16, 2012 a double-blind, randomized study comparing IM Midazolam versus IV Lorazepam for children and adults in status epilepticus.
Continue ReadingThis is a link to an article form Netherlands, on management of bleeding in patients who just started on different antiplatelet agents.
Continue ReadingJeffry Kline is famous for his research on PE and his latest article in Academic Journal of Emergency Medicine(Jan 2012) is opening another window to PE regarding Normalization of Vital Signs Does Not Reduce the Probability of Acute Pulmonary Embolismin Symptomatic Emergency Department Patients.
Continue ReadingAmerican Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) described the important role of focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) in patient
Continue ReadingThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism published a practice guideline in Jan.2012. Focus of this guideline is management of hyperglycemia in
Continue ReadingThis is a link to acep news for a presentation in American Epilepsy Society, 1% of patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism during a 5-year retrospective study had PE http://www.acepnews.com/single-view/0addee7cac26f722aa1b28c431b5718f.html?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=945
Continue ReadingJournal of Emergency Medicine published an article with title of “Effective Antibiotic Treatment Prescribed by Emergency Physicians in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock” in Dec,2011.
Continue ReadingThis is one of the challenging topics in EM. when should you stop CPR? what parameters do you have to continue versus terminate CPR?
Continue ReadingProbably you had this dilemma before. Patient involved MVC with midline neck tenderness and negative CT scan. Now, what should I do? Should I clear and remove c-collar or consult with trauma. There are 2 approaches that trauma surgeons usually do. 1:MRI and/or 2: Flex-ex xray.
Continue ReadingI thought I posted this before but I did not, Pediatrcis 2011, prospective cohort study with 2574 patients under 21 years old. Interestingly, 16 % of patients had radiographic pneumonia.
Continue ReadingTo estimate the frequency and rates of hospitalization after emergency department visits for adverse drug events in older adults between 2007-2009.
Continue ReadingThere are lots of questions raised recently regarding activation of cath. lab in the setting of new LBBB or presumed new LBBB. It is really challenging when you have a patient with chest pain and there is no old EKG to compare findings of LBBB.
Continue ReadingThe anion gap is representative of positive versus negative charges. when we are calculating anion gap, we are calculating a balance between positive and negative charges. correcting
Continue ReadingIDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) published a new guideline this year for treatment of soft tissue infections and MRSA.
Continue ReadingKocher Criteria is the best way to diagnose septic arthritis in children
Continue ReadingIs a lumbar puncture necessary when evaluating febrile infants (30 to 90 days of age) with an abnormal urinalysis? There is a new study in Peds Emergency care which it describes a retrospective study among infants 1 month to 3 months old
Continue ReadingThis is my case report with Keith Boniface on cardiac angio-sarcoma: Incidental Identification of Right Atrial Mass Using Bedside Ultrasound: Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Continue Reading